Vitamin B12 is an important member of the water-soluble B vitamins and is named "cobalamin" due to the cobalt element in its molecular structure. It is a crucial nutrient that the human body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through food or supplements. It is essential for the normal functioning of multiple physiological systems in the body.
I. Core Physiological Functions Participates in red blood cell formation and prevents anemia
Vitamin B12 is an essential coenzyme for the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells and promotes the maturation and division of red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow. A deficiency can impede red blood cell production, leading to "megaloblastic anemia" - characterized by abnormally large red blood cells with impaired function, accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, pale complexion, and palpitations.
Maintains nervous system health
The synthesis of the "myelin sheath" that protects nerve cells depends on vitamin B12. The myelin sheath acts as an insulating layer for nerve signal transmission. A deficiency can damage the myelin sheath, impede nerve signal transmission, and potentially cause symptoms such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, abnormal sensations, memory loss, cognitive impairment, and in severe cases, peripheral neuropathy or central nervous system damage.
Promotes energy metabolism
It participates in the catabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, helping to convert food into energy (ATP) that the body can use. A deficiency can reduce the efficiency of energy metabolism, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, drowsiness, and lack of energy.
Participates in DNA and RNA synthesis
As a key coenzyme in folate metabolism, vitamin B12 works in synergy with folate to participate in DNA replication and repair in cells. It is crucial for growth and development (such as in children and adolescents) and tissue renewal (such as in the intestinal mucosa and skin).
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